Polish joint-stock company
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Liability of members of the governing bodies of a Polish simple joint-stock company
Loyalty, professional diligence and the assessment of business risk in a Polish simple joint-stock company, limited liability company and joint-stock company. The specified parts of this comparison take account of the 2022 reform of the Polish Commercial Companies Code.
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Register of shareholders
At present, shares in Polish joint-stock companies and partnerships limited by shares that are not subject to mandatory dematerialisation under the Public Offering Act exist physically as paper certificates. These certificates are generally held by their owners, the shareholders. The register of shareholders will mean that…
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Tracking stocks: participating in the performance of a specific business segment
A shareholder’s fundamental rights include sharing in the company’s profits, usually through dividends. Dividend policies differ widely between companies for strategic or tax reasons. Dividend entitlements can, however, be much…
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Management board members’ ‘occupational risk’
Management board members of Polish joint-stock companies are thought to be in a safer position than their counterparts in Polish limited liability companies because there is no equivalent of Article 299 of the Polish Commercial Companies Code, under which the management board members of a limited liability company are jointly and severally liable for its…